Preparing for TG EAMCET 2026 requires a structured approach to the Botany syllabus, which is traditionally split into First Year (Class 11) and Second Year (Class 12) topics.
I. Intermediate First Year (Class 11)
These units focus on the diversity of the plant kingdom and the fundamental structure of plants.
Unit 1: Diversity in the Living World
- The Living World: Nature and scope of Botany; Taxonomic categories and aids.
- Biological Classification: Five Kingdom classification (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia); Viruses, Viroids, and Lichens.
- Plant Kingdom: Classification and life cycles of Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.
Unit 2: Structural Organization in Plants (Morphology)
- Morphology of Flowering Plants: Vegetative morphology (Root, Stem, Leaf) and Reproductive morphology (Inflorescence, Flower, Fruit, Seed).
Unit 3: Reproduction in Plants
- Modes of Reproduction: Asexual and Sexual reproduction basics.
- Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Microsporogenesis, Megasporogenesis, Pollination, Double Fertilization, and Embryo development.
Unit 4: Plant Systematics
- Taxonomy of Angiosperms: Systems of classification (Bentham & Hooker); Description of families: Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Liliaceae.
Unit 5: Cell Structure and Function
- Cell - The Unit of Life: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells; Organelles and their functions.
- Biomolecules: Structure and function of Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids.
- Cell Cycle and Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis.
Unit 6: Internal Organization of Plants
- Histology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants: Meristems, Permanent tissues, and the internal structure of Dicot and Monocot roots, stems, and leaves.
II. Intermediate Second Year (Class 12)
The second-year syllabus is more technical, focusing on physiological processes, genetics, and modern applications.
Unit 8: Plant Physiology
- Transport in Plants: Diffusion, Osmosis, Water Potential, and Transpiration.
- Mineral Nutrition: Essential elements and Nitrogen metabolism.
- Enzymes: Classification, Mechanism of action, and Kinetics.
- Photosynthesis in Higher Plants: Light and Dark reactions, $C_3$ and $C_4$ pathways, Photorespiration.
- Respiration in Plants: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport System.
- Plant Growth and Development: Growth regulators (Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene, ABA) and Photoperiodism.
Unit 9: Microbiology
- Bacteria: Morphology, structure, and reproduction.
- Viruses: Structure and replication (TMV and T-Phage).
Unit 10: Genetics
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation: Mendelian genetics, Mutations, and Sex determination.
Unit 11: Molecular Biology
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance: DNA structure, Replication, Transcription, Translation, and Gene Regulation (Lac Operon).
Unit 12: Biotechnology
- Principles and Processes: Recombinant DNA technology and PCR.
- Biotechnology and its Applications: Bt Cotton, Insulin production, and Gene Therapy.
Unit 13: Plants, Microbes, and Human Welfare
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production: Plant breeding, Tissue culture, and Single Cell Protein (SCP).
- Microbes in Human Welfare: Role in household products, industrial production, and sewage treatment.
In Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics/Biotechnology usually carry the most weight (roughly 30-35% of the Botany marks). Make sure to practice the diagrams of life cycles and metabolic pathways thoroughly, as they are often the source of conceptual questions.